中文Here are a few plain things to consider when proofreading and editing:
The Purdue OWL website has even more detail from the proofreading process.
Students regularly underestimate the right time it takes to publish an essay, in particular the look and researching stages.
Before you begin your essay, take a good look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator.
You might be surprised the length of time the whole process takes!
If you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly as you can see from the assignment planning calculator.
| If you think of this essay/cake analogy, you will need time for you to mix most of the ingredients properly, or the end result won’t be what you need to share with other people! |
To publish a 1000 word essay, ideally you should allow yourself about 3 weeks.
Let’s take a look at how an essay time management ‘cake’ could possibly be split into slices:
You can see that the biggest part of your time is allocated to the planning/research elements and redrafting/editing/proofreading elements, which together should comprise around 60% of your energy.
Check out another model to see just what in addition, you have to consider:
Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You may download it as a pdf document.
Since Spanish explorers brought back chocolate through the “” new world “”, chocolate consumption is now a phenomenon that is worldwide. A derivative of the cacao bean, was consumed as a drink, only later achieving mass popularity in tablet or bar form at first, chocolate. However, chocolate’s inherent popularity does not equate to it possessing healthy properties, as suggested by the title. The realities of chocolate tend to be more right down to earth; a number of those realities will be addressed in this essay. Chocolate has chemical properties that can influence mood and there is possible evidence for some positive impacts of chocolate on cardiovascular health. Yet, such positive attributes are counterbalanced somewhat because of the argument that, in certain instances, chocolate can be viewed as a drug instead of a food. Moreover, you have the potential for some correlation between over-consumption of obesity and chocolate. Thus, it’ll be argued that despite chocolate’s effect that is positive some cases on mood additionally the cardiovascular system it has in addition been linked to addiction and obesity.
Usage of chocolate is something that many enjoy, and there’s evidence (Parker, Parker, & Brotchie, 2006) that high carbohydrate foods such as chocolate do have a ‘feel good’ effect. Moreover, Scholey and Owen (2013) in a review that is systematic of literature on the go point to several studies, such as for instance Macht and Dettmer (2006) and Macht and Mueller (2007), which may actually confirm this effect. Yet, as Parker, Parker and Brotchie (2006, p. 150) note, the mood effects of chocolate “are as ephemeral as holding a chocolate in one’s mouth”. In addition, mood is one thing this is certainly difficult to isolate and quantify, and apart from the study by Macht and Dettmer (2006) there seems to be little research on any more term mood affecting influences of chocolate. Another point is raised by Macht and Dettmer (2006), whose study unearthed that positive responses to chocolate correlated more with anticipation and temporary sensory pleasure, whereas guilt has also been a statistically significant factor for most, for whom the ‘feel-good’ effect would be minimalised. The‘feel good’ effect and more negative emotions as these authors stress, “temporal tracking of both positive and negative emotions” (p.335) before and after consuming chocolate in future studies could help in further understanding.
Another possible positive influence of chocolate is upon cardiovascular health. Chocolate, processed accordingly, may be a provider of significant quantities of heart-friendly flavanols (Hannum, Schmitz, & Keen, 2002) that assist in delaying blood clotting and reducing inflammation (Schramm et al., 2001). Such attributes of flavanols in chocolate need to be considered within the context of chocolate’s other components – approximately 30% fat, 61% carbohydrate, 6% protein and 3% liquid and minerals (Hannum, Schmitz, & Keen, 2002). The key to maximising some great benefits of flavanols in chocolate appears to lie when you look at the standard of fats present. Cocoa, which is simply chocolate without the fat, is the most obvious candidate for maximising heart health, but as Hannum, Schmitz and Keen (2002) note, cocoa products that are most are made through an alkali process which destroys many flavanols. Optimal maximisation of this flavanols involves compounds that are such present in cocoa and chocolate products at levels where they truly are biologically active (Ariefdjohan & Savaiano, 2005).
The biological makeup of chocolate can be relevant in determining whether chocolate is much better seen as a food or a drug, but the boundaries between indulgence and behaviour that is addictive unclear. Chocolate contains some biologically active elements including methylxanthines, and cannabinoid-like unsaturated fatty acids (Bruinsma & Taren, 1999) which could represent a neurochemical dependency possibility of chocolate, yet can be found in exceedingly lower amounts. Interestingly, and linked to chocolate and mood, Macdiarmid and Hetherington (1995) claim their study found that “self-identified chocolate ‘addicts’” reported a correlation that is negative essay writers chocolate consumption and mood. This can be perhaps indicative of addictive or type behaviour that is compulsive. However, as Bruinsma and Taren (1999) note, eating chocolate can represent a sensory reward based, luxurious indulgence, based around texture, aroma and flavour anticipation, as opposed to a neurochemically induced craving. Yet, it is often argued that chocolate might be used as a form of self-medication, particularly in reference to magnesium deficiency. A report by Pennington (2000 in Steinberg, Bearden, & Keen 2003) noted that women usually do not generally meet US guidelines for trace elements, including magnesium. This correlates with earlier studies done by Abraham and Lubran (1981), who found a correlation that is high magnesium deficiency and nervous tension in women. Thus, tension-related chocolate cravings could be a biological entity fuelled by magnesium deficiency. Overall, however, any difficulty . the proportion of individuals chocolate that is using a drug as opposed to a food based sensory indulgence is small, though further research might prove enlightening.
A final point to consider in terms of chocolate may be the perception that chocolate is linked to obesity. An individual is thought as being obese when their Body Mass Index is greater than 30. The literature on chocolate and obesity has clearly demonstrated there are no specific correlations between the 2 variables (Beckett, 2008; Lambert, 2009). This is typified by the findings of Mellor (2013), who unearthed that, over a period of eight weeks of eating 45 grams of chocolate per day, a team of adults demonstrated no significant weight increase. As Lambert (2009) notes, chocolate consumption alone just isn’t more likely to cause obesity, unless huge amounts of other calorie dense foods are consumed and this calorie dense intake is higher than necessary for bodily function, allowing for levels of activity. The stereotypical ‘chocoholic’ seems almost certainly going to consume a great many other sweet foods and stay less likely to want to take exercise than other people, so chocolate consumption is just one possible variable when considering the sources of obesity.
Obesity and chocolate consumption seemingly have no proven correlations. Yet, in this specific article, many chocolate focused arguments have been presented, like the transient effectation of chocolate on mood while the proven fact that it really is as more likely to create feelings of guilt as of well-being. Another possible positive dimension to chocolate is a correlation with cardiovascular health. Yet the potential great things about flavanols in chocolate are currently offset by the fat/carbohydrate that is high of all kinds of chocolate. Whether chocolate is a food or a drug can also be unclear. The literature outlines the chemical properties of chocolate that could help explain some addictive type behaviour, particularly in regards to nervous tension in females, but there is also a powerful research focus on chocolate as a sensory-based indulgence. It could therefore be said that chocolate is certainly not a food that is healthy but can be enjoyed as part of a healthy and balanced lifestyle and diet.
‘Integrity’ pertains to ‘honesty’, and academic integrity involves writing in a reputable way, making sure that no body will think you will be claiming that words or ideas from somebody else are your personal. This is very important in academic writing in western countries, and you might be accused of plagiarism, which is a serious offence at university if you do not do this.
Plagiarism means someone that is using words, ideas or diagrams without acknowledgement.
Of course, when we write an essay we have to make reference to other people’s ideas. We gave some of the good reasons for this before: